Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissues in rats to an experimental endodontic root canal sealer with MCP (ERCS) and AH-Plus (AHP), a well-established root canal sealer.
Methods: Sterile medical-grade silicone tubes containing the test materials were implanted subcutaneously in 30 Wistar rats. After 10, 30 and 90 days the animals (n = 10 per period) were euthanized and the implants along with their surrounding tissues dissected, fixed and processed for histologic evaluation. A four-category evaluation system was used to measure and record the microscopic observations; the occurrence and thickness of a fibrous capsule, the vascular changes and the various types of inflammatory cells. The tissue response adjacent to the lateral walls of the silicone tubes (LWSt) served as negative control.
Results: Initially a severe inflammatory reaction was observed in direct contact with both test materials. The severity of the ERCS reaction had decreased at the 30-day period and no inflammatory reaction was observed at the end of the experiment. AHP after 30 days showed persisting inflammatory cells in contact with the material. The inflammatory reaction had decreased after 90 days, however, isolated inflammatory cells were still present in the surrounding tissues. The LWSt did not show adverse reactions at any time period during the experiment.
Conclusion: At the end of 90 days the ERCS demonstrated biocompatibility when implanted in subcutaneous connective tissue in rats, while AHP remained slightly toxic even after 90 days.
Keywords: Biocompatibility; Endodontics; Resin-Based Sealers; Tissue Response

Bruxism is considered a functional disorder characterized by grinding and/or clenching the teeth, which may be associated with stress, anxiety and some neurological conditions. This article aims to discuss bruxism and how sugar interferes with some neurochemical substances called catecholamines (dopamine being one of them).
Keywords: Bruxism; Functional Disorder; Sugar

Aim: Gagging is of significant concern to the dental professional as it is a serious hindrance to various clinical procedures. The etiology of gagging is multifactorial. This scoping review aims to highlight the factors associated with the etiology of the gag reflex and the methods that can prevent the same.
Scope: As this is an issue that can quite possibly precipitate in any clinical setting, it is important to assign a clinical protocol aimed towards the prevention and management of gagging during clinical procedures. Collection of Data: The authors collected data from national and international journals and from the databases of EBSCO and PubMed-MEDLINE databases. The literature search was performed with no limitation to the time frame of publication.
Clinical Implications: A hyperactive gag reflex is extremely disturbing more so to a patient who ends up associating the gag reflex with a dental procedure. Appropriate management thus bolsters patient confidence in dentistry and dental procedures.
Conclusion: A proactive interaction with the patient including a discussion of what preventive methods or approaches might work best for the individual help make the process of management one with the patient’s active involvement thus allowing for far better outcomes.
Keywords: Gag Reflex; Gagging; Management

Horizontal root fractures affect up to 7% of all dental traumas in young patients, and are more commonly seen in maxillary teeth, and in association with increased overjet.
In this case report, a 12 year old boy, who suffered a horizontal intra-alveolar fracture 27 months earlier, was treated orthodontically. The patient had a high need for treatment according to the IOTN index and was treated in close association with pedodontics management. The fractured tooth moved successfully using conventional mechanics with centerline correction and treatment of overjet, overbite and crowding.
Keywords: Horizontal Root Fracture; Transverse Root Fracture; Crowding; Overjet; Centreline Correction

An implant or tooth supported overdenture prosthesis, is not a new concept in prosthodontic rehabilitation. Dentistry today has shifted its focus towards Preventive dentistry, and overdenture serve as an alternative to be opted for incase there are natural teeth remaining which can serve as an abutment. This article shall discuss about a case, in which natural teeth are endodontically treated and used as an overdenture abutment which shall have a better retention compared to conventional.
Keywords: Overdenture; Endodontic Therapy; Cast Coping

The successful restoration of the severely worn-out dentition requires accurate diagnosis and devising a suitable treatment plan that can be based on number of teeth to be treated, TMJ status, available vertical dimension, and the choice of restorative material. Full mouth rehabilitation cases are one of the most difficult cases to manage in dental practice. This is because such cases involve rehabilitation of lost tooth structure along with restoring the lost vertical dimensions in harmony with the health of stomatognathic system. This case report describes full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with severely worn-out teeth along with loss of vertical dimension (Turner and Missirlian classification-category I). The treatment approach followed was “Pankey-Mann-Schuyler” philosophy which enabled successful rehabilitation of form, function and esthetics.
Keywords: Full Mouth Rehabilitation; Worn-Out Dentition

This study shows the removal of broken fragment in the apical part of in mandibular first premolar. A patient was referred for restoring her broken lower right premolar. Her chief complaint was restoring the broken tooth with permanent restoration. Periapical radiography showed a broken file fragment in the apical part of the affected tooth. A CBCT scan was acquired and revealed the location and size of the broken fragment. The clinical examination showed that the tooth has been previously initiated, the tooth was tender to percussion. Thus, the nonsurgical root canal retreatment was done and the broken fragment was retrieved. The prognosis of this case is high because all canals were found and cleaned and shaped then obturated.
Keywords: Mandibular First Premolar; Periapical Radiography; CBCT; Root Canal Retreatment