The covid-19 virus pandemic has reached almost every country around the world. It has a huge impact on the national economics Leaving the global economy in chaos and recession, as the governments are suffering from the new situation of lockdown measures to stop the spread of covid-19.

The purpose of this study was to use panoramic radiographs to assess the gender-related root-crown relationship of the permanent upper incisors. The precision of the method was also evaluated.
The lengths of the crowns and roots of the central incisors of 75 subjects was measured retrospectively on a panoramic radiographs obtained from the institutional database. A total of 150 samples were studied, of which, 52% (78 subjects) were female and 48% (72 subjects) male. The Modified Lind methodology was utilized. The average root crown ratio for permanent maxillary mid-central teeth was 1.8 in males and 1.7 in females. Although the average root crown ratio for men was higher than for women, using the independent student t-test, no significant difference was found among the comparative ratios between females 0.05 (95% CI: -0.129-0.175) and males 0.04 (95% CI: -0.130-0.176), (p = 0.76) [CI- Confidential Interval] respectively. The research group’s evaluation of the ratio of the root to crown of the upper central incisor in the panoramic film has acceptable consistency. The study aims at emphasizing on the significance of understanding the root-crown ratio in the perspective of abutment evaluation. The final decision to use a tooth as an abutment must be based on radiographic interpretation with sound clinical judgement.
Keywords:Panoramic Radiography; Root-Crown Ratio; Tooth Cervix; Modified Lind Method

The main goal of suturing is to maintain haemostasis, allow healing by primary intention, provide support to the tissue until healing have occurred, reduce postoperative pain and prevent bone exposure to prevent delayed healing and unnecessary resorption. The ideal suture material should have good tensile strength, dimensional stability, lack of memory, knot security and sufficient flexibility to avoid damage to the oral mucosa. The selection of an appropriate suture material and suture technique is integral to obtaining an optimal outcome of healing. Each wound must be assessed individually and basic knowledge of the suture material and healing characteristics of the tissue is essential in making the right decision as to which material and technique is most appropriate.
Keywords: Sutures; Materials; Techniques; Principles; Classification

Trauma due to avulsion accounts for 0.5 – 16% of all traumatic dental injuries to the permanent dentition and has a marked influence on physical, functional and psychological maturation of the affected individual. The esthetic and functional rehabilitation of a missing anterior tooth presents one of the greatest challenges that the dentist faces. While a number of treatment options, ranging from removable partial dentures to implants are available, there are several limitations of these therapeutic options. These extend from poor compliance for wear, disturbance in growth when they have to be used in young patients to the inability to withstand heavy masticatory forces. Resin bonded bridges present a minimally invasive, functional, cost effective and time saving alternative for replacement of a missing tooth. However, the disadvantages include weakening of the metal retainer by the perforations and wear of the resin at the perforations. Therefore, modifications may be introduced in the design of the bridge to address these limitations and reduce stress and abrasion thereby providing longevity to the prosthesis. This case report presents a clinical case of comprehensive rehabilitation for the missing maxillary incisor in a young patient using the R-bridge with additional structural modifications.
Keywords: Resin Bonded Bridges; Rochette Bridge; Aesthetic; Comprehensive Rehabilitation

Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive opportunistic fungal infection most commonly associated with diabetic, immunocompromised, haematological malignancies, chronic steroid use and intravenous drug abusers. Mucorales is ubiquitous filamentous fungi found on decaying matter.
Recently there has been an increasing trend in fungal infections in post covid 19. Pre existing diabetes, unhygienic oxygen administration, unjustified steroid and antibiotic usage in COVID 19 patients can be the etiological factors. Mucormycosis affecting young healthy individuals is extremely rare. Here we present a non diabetic 25 year male patient who recovered from SARS CoV-2 infection came with a complaint of swelling in right cheek region and diagnosed with mucormycosis. The current report highlights the management of a post covid 19 patient in otherwise healthy with rhinomaxillary mucormycosis.
Keywords: Case Report; Mucormycosis; Aggressive Fungal Sinusitis; Covid 19 Learning

To present a clinical case of a permanent immature teeth, with bad and awful smile were induced with the being in a place with bad water to drink.
Keywords: Rehabilitation; Smile; Root Canal Treatment; Endodontics; All Ceramic Crown; Prosthodontics

In 2017 WHO considered the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) as an odontogenic development cyst. While in 2005 the same association considered it as a lesion of odontogenic tumor.
This cystic lesion is considered as an aggressive with good chance of local recurrence after regular surgical intervention. That makes the radical surgical treatment is the treatment of choice. Most of the time it presents a symptomatically, but the patient can report the pain symptomatology. Here I am reporting a case report of 17 years old girl that was treated by removal of good part of her mandible with a splint replacement and to be bone grafted in a later surgery.
Keywords:Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor; Benign Tumor; Surgery; Mandible

The options ranges from most conservative to surgical ones. Due to anxiety and fear of surgical procedures patient usually demands more conservative options. Dental bleaching is the non-invasive method to reconcile a smile of discolored teeth. The aim of this case report is to describe in office/chair side Bleaching using Beam white advanced teeth whitening kit by using 25% of hydrogen peroxide in young patient. The result was successful by the end of 2 cycles each of 15 minutes.
Keywords:Chair Side Teeth Bleaching; Anxiety; Hydrogen Peroxide

For a long time, science has tried to relate occlusal factors with temporomandibular disorders, but the multifactorial etiology of this disorder still confuses researchers a lot. The definitions of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are numerous, one of the most current was established in 2003.